Written informed consent for use of the patients’ photographs was provided by each patient or an appropriate family member. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka Medical College. ![]() Therefore, so that the quality of the system did not affect the results of the operation, we limited the application of this system only to the final evaluation performed upon near-completion of the operation. In this study, we began using the AR system in the clinical setting before its development was complete. Thus, we have constructed a simple AR system based on existing devices/software (inexpensive or free if possible) and have enabled clinicians to modify the system as necessary. Trials and errors appear necessary to construct a useful system. However, no such applications in the medical field have been reported. Direct evaluation of improvements in the body surface can become a specialized application of AR technology in the field of plastic surgery. The main goal of plastic surgery, even that involving bone or soft tissue, is improvement of the body surface contour. AR technology will allow for more ideal comparison of surgical fields with simulated body surface images, making more objective judgment possible. In the present study, we have advanced these ideas further by comparing surgically induced changes or improvements with the visible body contour using AR technology.īecause the degree of improvement in the body surface by surgery can be viewed directly, judgments regarding this improvement tend to be influenced by the operator’s expectations and subjectivity. 7 described an AR system that projects virtual images of facial bones for guidance while the surgeon performs an osteotomy on actual facial bones. In contrast, AR technology enables comparison between a (partially) visible organ and its corresponding simulated image. ![]() 5, 6 As with conventional navigation systems, the purpose of this new navigation system was to grasp the deep organs or the tip of an apparatus that is not directly visible. 3 In the medical field, after the development of the first medical navigation system in the late 1980s, 4 many studies related to this system were performed. 1 Because of its many advantages, including the lack of a shifting viewpoint through the use of a goggle type display device as a screen, 2 AR has recently undergone rapid development in various fields.īasic studies of AR have been conducted since the 1960s. Our findings are not only useful for body surface evaluation but also for effective utilization of AR technology in the field of plastic surgery.Īugmented reality (AR) is a technology that combines computer-generated images on a screen with a real object or scene. This study confirmed that AR technology is helpful for evaluation of the body surface in several clinical applications. In a patient with an osteoma of the forehead, simultaneously displayed images of the body surface and the bone made it easier to understand these positional relationships. In a patient with complex facial fracture, the simulated bone image was useful as a reference for reduction. In a patient with fibrous dysplasia, the symmetrized body surface image was useful for confirming improvement of the real body surface. Improvement of the display method of the 3D image made it easier to distinguish the different shapes in the 3D image and surgical field, making comparison easier. In all cases, the 3D image was successfully projected on the surgical field. We superimposed the 3-dimensional images of the body surface and the bone (obtained from VECTRA H1 and CT) onto the actual surgical field by Moverio BT-200 smart glasses and evaluated improvements of the body surface in 8 cases. We constructed an AR system that is easy to modify by combining existing devices and free software. We devised the AR system for evaluation of improvements of the body surface, which is important for plastic surgery. Augmented reality (AR) technology that can combine computer-generated images with a real scene has been reported in the medical field recently.
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